PAN-Doped SiO2 as a New Packing Material for the Online Preconcentration and Determination of Trace Lead (II) in Biological and Environmental Samples Using Flame Atomic Absorption

ABSTRACT A flow injection online preconcentration and separation–FAAS method was developed for determination of trace lead in biological and environmental samples. Effects of chemicals and flow variables were studied. Under the optimal conditions, the enhancement factor can reach 101 with a sample consumption of 6.5 mL and throughput of 45 hr−1. The detection limit (3σ) was 0.24 µg L−1. At the level of 20 µg L−1 and 40 µg L−1 of Pb (II), the precisions (RSD, n = 11) were found to be 2.2% and 1.2%, respectively. The spike recoveries of real samples were in the range of 97–103%.