ПЕРЕРАБОТКА КОМПОНЕНТОВ ХЛОРОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ ОТХОДОВ НА МАССИВНЫХ МЕТАЛЛИЧЕСКИХ КАТАЛИЗАТОРАХ

The method of decomposition of organochlorine waste catalysts, which are a massive metallic nickel (99,99 %) and its alloys with chromium (nichrome: Ni – 80 %, Cr – 20 % and Chromel: Ni – 90 %, Cr – 10 %) is offered. The decomposition process is accompanied by the formation of useful waste product - carbon nanofibers (CNF), «feathery» morphology. Feature of the process of catalytic decomposition of 1,2-dich oroethane on massive nickel catalysts is a long induction period (~ 3 h), during which the spontaneous activation of the alloy surface. A preliminary activation of the catalyst acid or sequential treatment in oxidizing and reducing atmosphere reduces the induction period on the order. Surface condition before and after activation studied by SEM, TEM, EDS. The activity of catalysts in the decomposition 1,2-dichloroethane at temperatures 550–700 °C is determined. The greatest activity (yield 400 of CNFs g/g catalyst) showed nichrome N80H20; yield CNFs on catalysts prepared by coprecipitation method and mechanochemical activation was several times lower. The novelty of this approach is to combine the process of disposal of organochlorine wastes to produce useful products (CNF). The use of solid metal catalysts promising, because the technology makes it easy to prepare, and the absence of a catalyst support makes it easy to clean impurities from the fragments of CNF catalyst.