Sarcopenic metabolomic profile reflected a sarcopenic phenotype associated with amino acid and essential fatty acid changes

Although sarcopenia greatly affects health and quality of life in older people, its pathophysiological causes are not fully elucidated. To face this challenge, omics technologies can be used. The metabolome gives a vision of the interaction between the genome and the environment through metabolic networks, thus contributing in clarifying the pathophysiology of the sarcopenic phenotype. The main goal of this study was to compare the plasma metabolome of sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic older people. Cross-sectional study of 20 sarcopenic and 21 non-sarcopenic older subjects with available frozen plasma samples. Non-targeted metabolomic study by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI–MS/MS) analysis with later bioinformatics data analysis. Once the significantly different metabolites were identified, the KEGG database was used on them to establish which were the metabolic pathways mainly involved. From 657 features identified, 210 showed significant differences between the study groups, and 30 had a FoldChangeLog2 > 2. The most interesting metabolic pathways found with the KEGG database were the biosynthesis of amino acids, arginine and proline metabolism, the biosynthesis of alkaloids derived from ornithine, linoleic acid metabolism, and the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. The study results allowed us to confirm that the concept of “sarcopenic phenotype” is also witnessed at the plasma metabolite levels. The non-targeted metabolomics study can open a wide view of the sarcopenic features changes at the plasma level, which would be linked to the sarcopenic physiopathological alterations.