Laser lithotripsy with a 504 nm pulsed dye laser: in vitro fragmentation related to stone weight and pulse energy

1990 
Biliary, urinary and salivary stones were fragmented in vitro with a flashlamp-pumped dye laser operating at 504 nm. A clinical fragmentation criterion was formulated; fragmentation was continued until all fragments had passed through a sieve with holes of 1.5×1.5 mm2. The number of shots of 50 mJ necessary for total fragmentation appeared to be proportional to the stone mass. The three types of stones showed statistically significant differences in the number of shots per unit mass, necessary for fragmentation. On biliary calculi we investigated the influence of the energy per laser pulse. For pulse energies of 32 mJ and larger, the energy necessary for fragmentation appeared to be proportional to the initial stone mass, but did not depend on the energy per pulse.
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