Illness Anxiety Disorder: A Case Report and Brief Review of the Literature

Illness anxiety disorder (IAD) is defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-V) as the preoccupation with having or acquiring a serious illness, in the absence of somatic symptoms (or, if present, symptoms that are only mild in severity). Patients with IAD experience persistent anxiety or fear of having or acquiring a serious illness, which adversely affects their daily life. They remain unsatisfied with their physician's reassurances to the contrary, mainly because their distress is created by the anxiety of the meaning, significance, and cause of the complaints and not necessarily due to the physical presentations. IAD remains a huge burden on both the health facility and for the managing healthcare provider. In this report, we present the case of a patient with IAD, which has been managed for the past five years with recurrent visits to the physician with no resolution of signs and symptoms. Despite extensive medical workup over this period, which repeatedly showed normal test results, the patient continued to have anxiety over his ill health and complained of recurrent mild somatic symptoms. After his most recent appointment, he got very upset and booked a flight to his home country to have a second opinion to validate his illness. Physicians are encouraged to build a therapeutic alliance with patients with IAD, rather than ordering expensive or unnecessary diagnostic tests or treatment.