A rare case of cervical hypoglossal nerve neurofibromas in a patient with type 1 neurofibromatosis.

Abstract Background Neurofibromas are benign peripheral nerve sheath tumours. Hypoglossal nerve neurofibromas in cervical region are relatively rare, bilateral occurrence is extremely rare. Methods A 32-year-old man with type 1 neurofibromatosis presented with bilateral neck masses. Magnetic resonance imaging showed parapharyngeal masses consistent with neurogenic tumours, most likely neurofibromas. Results Surgical exploration through lateral cervical approach revealed unexpected finding of the tumour that arose from the hypoglossal nerve. The tumour had totally engulfed the nerve with no normal nerve fascicles identifiable, thus resected in toto. In the postoperative course, the patient developed right hypoglossal palsy and vocal fold palsy treated with augmentation of the paralysed vocal fold with temporary injection material. Conclusions The authors described a patient with type 1 neurofibromatosis with neurofibroma originating from cervical part of hypoglossal nerve. This paper discussed this rare condition and the management on how to improve the treatment outcome.