Numerical analysis of estimation of ground surface settlement outside pit induced by soft-soil excavation

The numerical simulation of the excavation shows that,for each basic deformation modes of the retaining wall,for example the forward rotation,reverse rotation and deflection,distribution of the ground surface settlement outside pit shows obvious regularity,which can be fitted by the exponential curve with a unified format,then the empirical formulas are got.Arbitrary deformation mode of the retaining wall can be fitted using the three basic deformation modes above,and the maximum displacement value for each basic deformation mode can be obtained.Using the empirical formulas above,the corresponding ground surface settlement for each basic deformation mode can be calculated.Then superimpose the settlement and obtain the distribution curve of ground surface settlement.