Role of the hippocampus in spatial memory in Japanese quail

ABSTRACT The Japanese quail is a powerful model to characterize behavioral, physiological, and neurobiological processes in Galliformes. Behavioral tests have already been adapted for quail to assess memory systems, but despite the pivotal role of the hippocampus in this cognitive process, its involvement in spatial memory has not been demonstrated in this species. In this study, lesions were created in the hippocampus of Japanese quail, and both lesioned and control quail were tested for spatial and cue-based learning performances. These hippocampal lesions specifically impacted spatial learning performance, but spared learning performance when birds could solve the task using their cue-based memory. These findings, thus, highlight that the hippocampus plays a crucial role and is essential for spatial declarative memory. Future studies could aim to elucidate the cellular or molecular mechanisms involved in this form of memory.