Opiniones de los y las profesionales de Atención Primaria sobre el consumo de alcohol en mujeres: barreras percibidas para la intervención

espanolObjetivo: conocer la opinion de los y las profesionales de Atencion Primaria (AP) acerca del consumo de alcohol, especialmente entre las mujeres, analizar las dificultades encontradas e identificar areas de mejora. Materiales y metodo: Se ha realizado una investigacion cualitativa, entre el personal de AP de Salamanca. Fueron seleccionados profesionales (enfermeria, medicina, pediatria, trabajo social y matronas) con mas de dos anos de experiencia en AP. Se desarrollaron 14 entrevistas y 4 grupos de discusion, cuyas grabaciones fueron transcritas obteniendo el texto base del analisis discursivo. Resultados: Los y las profesionales de AP reconocen una especial dificultad para detectar e intervenir frente a consumos de riesgo de alcohol y especialmente en el caso de las mujeres. Entre los factores contribuyentes se identifican, prejuicios y estereotipos de genero, el temor a invadir la intimidad del paciente, la sobrecarga y organizacion del trabajo, y otros relacionados con las habilidades para realizar la deteccion y la intervencion breve. Discusion: Se precisan actuaciones sensibilizadoras y formativas con perspectiva de genero que faciliten al personal sanitario el abordaje de situaciones de consumo de riesgo de alcohol, sistematizar el consejo preventivo y orientarlo a la salud de las propias mujeres. Tambien se perciben carencias en la coordinacion de los recursos disponibles tanto preventivos como asistenciales. EnglishObjective: to find out the opinion of Primary Care (PC) professionals on alcohol consumption, particularly among women; to analyze the difficulties that are found in the process; and to identify areas which can be improved. Materials and method: A qualitative study was conducted among Salamanca PC professionals. Different professionals (from the fields of nursery, medicine, pediatrics, social work and midwifery) with more than two years of experience in PC were selected. In total, 14 interviews and 4 group discussion sessions were carried out, and the recordings were transcribed to obtain the text for discourse analysis. Results: PC professionals recognize that it is particularly difficult to detect and intervene in cases of risky consumption of alcohol, and especially in the case of women. Among the contributing factors, the following were mentioned: prejudices and gender stereotypes, fear of invading patients’ privacy, work overload, structure of work load, and other aspects related to the abilities to carry out detection and brief intervention. Discussion: A set of training and awareness-raising activities with a gender perspective is required in order to facilitate the management of situations of risky alcohol consumption for healthcare professionals, as well as to systematize preventive advice and orient it towards women’s health. Deficiencies were also observed in the coordination of available resources, both preventive and healthcare-related.