A delay-discounting measure of preference for racial/ethnic matching in psychotherapy.

In this study, we sought to compare racial/ethnic minority participants' preference for racial/ethnic matching in psychotherapy with preferences for other methods of addressing cultural factors in treatment. Using a delay-discounting method, college students (331 racial/ethnic minority students from 2 universities) and a nationwide sample of self-reported clients (n = 77) were asked to indicate their strength of preference for 4 different methods for addressing culturally related variables in psychotherapy, including a desire to (a) work with a therapist whose race/ethnicity matches their own, (b) work with a therapist with a high level of multicultural training and experience, (c) receive a culturally adapted treatment, and (d) receive a therapist who is also a member of a racial/ethnic minority group, but not the same as the participant (i.e., a racial/ethnic minority pairing). We found that participants were willing to make significant sacrifices in treatment efficacy in order to receive each of the variables tested. In both samples, preferences were significantly stronger for therapist multicultural training/experience and use of culturally adapted treatments compared with racial/ethnic matching and racial/ethnic minority pairing. Further analyses indicated that clients expressed stronger preferences for racial/ethnic match and minority pairing than college student participants, and preference strength for 3 of the 4 scenarios was significantly related to strength of minority culture identification. The results of this study have important implications for preference accommodation in psychotherapy with racial/ethnic minority individuals.