Lower Limb Pain and Dysfunction

Abstract This chapter presents common pain syndromes of the lower limb that one may encounter in a typical musculoskeletal clinic, beginning with the hip and groin and moving distally to the ankle and foot. Each section describes dysfunction as it relates to the concept of kinetic chain as well as degeneration of the tissues surrounding each of the joints, including ligaments, tendons, bursae, and bone. The authors have included common etiologies of each pain syndrome along with typical physical exam findings and suggested diagnostic testing to help the reader develop an appropriate differential diagnosis leading to effective treatment. Common treatment options are also discussed.