Imperial High Schools and Universities

The article tries persistently to compare major innovations introduced by the French Revolution in High Education with their imitation and adaptation in the Republic and Kingdom of Italy (1802-1814). The Italian laws (1802, 1808, 1811) tried to transfer the French model within the peninsula, and the secondary school in particular. But in France, the laws of 1790-1792 had abolished schools and colleges managed by religious teachers while religious colleges in Italy competed harshly with secondary schools until the abolition laws of 1811-1813. Concerning the Imperial University, it was considered as a fully secular national corporation while the Italian clergy was hardly limited and controlled in many religious colleges and seminaries. They were also operating as gymnasiums and public schools but under the jurisdiction of Church, government excluded.