Genesis and environmental history of Lagoa Santa, southeastern Brazil:

Geomorphologic studies and palynological analysis of a core in the middle of Lagoa Santa, a lake in central Brazil (19°38'S; 43°54'W), have provided palaeoenvironmental information on the region and lake history during the Holocene. Prior to 5300 yr BP there is no pollen record in the sediments. The presence of spores of Lycopodium and algae (Phase I) between c. 6100 and 5400 yr BP indicate a gradual increase of moisture in the ancient valley. Between c. 5400 and c. 4600 yr BP the records of pollen, spores and algae indicate the presence of an intermittent marsh on the valley floor (Phase IIA) and a climate drier than at present; Gramineae pollen dominates the assemblages, followed by Compositae and Portulacaceae. At approximately 4600 yr BP pollen grains are abundant, percentage of arboreal pollen increases and Lycopodium spores are replaced by fern spores of a moist environment; the marsh was replaced by a permanent lake (Phase IIB). An ancient landslide scar was probably active shortly before this time...