Helicity-dependent photocurrent of the top and bottom Dirac surface states of epitaxial thin films of three-dimensional topological insulators Sb2Te3

Helicity-dependent photocurrent (HDPC) has been observed in epitaxial thin films of the three-dimensional topological insulator ${\mathrm{Sb}}_{2}{\mathrm{Te}}_{3}$ with a thickness of 7, 20, and 30 quintuple layers (QLs). By analyzing the incident angle dependence of the HDPC, we successfully extract the photocurrent induced by the circular photon drag effect (CPDE) of even parity from the HDPC. It is found that the circular photogalvanic effect (CPGE) is larger than the odd parity of CPDE. The CPGEs of the top and bottom surface states are successfully distinguished at room temperature. As the thickness of the ${\mathrm{Sb}}_{2}{\mathrm{Te}}_{3}$ film is increased from 7 to 20 QLs, the dominant contribution of the CPGE current switches from the top surface states to the bottom surface states under the front illumination of a 1064-nm laser. Additionally, it is found that the CPGE currents of the 20- and 30-QL samples reverse sign when the temperature is increased from 77 to 300 K, which may be attributed to the HDPC current induced by the combined action of the inverse spin Hall effect and the vertical thermoelectric effect overwhelming the CPGE current at low temperature in the samples. The insights we obtained are significant for engineering optospintronic devices based on three-dimensional topological insulators with a strong thermoelectric effect.