OSEP: An Optimized Stable Election Protocol in Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

The wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are attracting researchers because of their extensive variety of applications in different aspects. They perform monitoring responsibility in all kinds of the environment including harsh environments. Thus, a stable network is required for gathering data for a long duration from the monitoring areas. This constancy of the networks depends on the load balancing among the deployed nodes. The stability of networks can be enlarged by the clustering which executes a commanding role in the effective exploitation of energy degeneracy of their batteries and assistances in extending the network lifespan. The communication among the nodes and sink is consumed the highest energy which requires a procedure that can decrease the communication cost. In this paper, we deliberate an enhanced stable election protocol for improving the lifecycle of the heterogeneous WSNs. In the optimization of SEP protocol, three parameters are considered for effective cluster heads selection, namely the nodes remaining energy, node distance from the base station, and total network energy. In this methodology, a threshold-based formula is proposed which considers a different type of energies of the networks such as current energy of the networks, and preliminary and residual energy of the nodes which provides even load balancing. The proposed method contributes a dynamic clustering to lowering energy consumption and avoiding the load over the cluster heads. The number of active and dead, the sum of energy depletion, and the number of messages transferred to the control node matrices are considered to examine the enactment of the proposed scheme by using the MATLAB. After comprehensive analysis, it has been evident that the projected scheme accomplishes superior to that of the existing methods.