Możliwości wykorzystania Numerycznych Modeli Powierzchni w planowaniu przestrzennym i ochronie środowiska przyrodniczego

Use of Digital Surface Model for physical planning and environmental protection. 1. Spatial modelling plays a serious role in spatial planning (SP) and environmental protection (EP). lt enables predictions and simulations of different landscape structure, before they becoming real. Models of Earth surface are one of the groups of Digital Surface Models (DSM).Authors distinguish two main types of DSM. Digital Terrain Models - connected with geomorphologic relief, and Digita Terrain Models - in addition contain artificial objects (buildings, etc.). 2. LIDAR. SAR and stereography technics are basic sources of DEM data. For non-geodesy applictaion, also less accurate cartographic resources can be used. In this case some conections should be done, for example removing of .,paddi teraces" or other artifacts. 3. There are three groups of DEM derivates: (i) first order - slope and aspect, (ii) second order - planar and vertical curvature, and (ii) complex derivates - wetness index, insolation index or relative elevetion etc. Combination of these datas creates new Dossibilities in detection of topological relations of landscape objecs. 4. Visualisation of DEM in SP is based on two- (2D) and three (3D) dimensional projections. In 3-D images effect ofthird dimension can be obtained from hillshading. anaglyphs or stereoscopy. In some studies also time. as fourth dimension, is included. 5. DEM can be used in carthographic projects, for example in preparing maps, and in GlS analysis. This second kind of application has three aspects: object's localization, topological analysis and visualisation. Each of them can be adopted in different domains like: spatial planning, architecture, environmental protection, transport. agriculture, forest management, tourism and other branches of industry. 6. spatia| planning support system (5P5s) with Digita| Sunace Models analysis minimises the risk of making wrong decision. lt can be done. by using up-to-date and real elevation data. Thank to that, SPSS brings new knowledge about point and area objecs and enables holistic analysis of spatial processes.