Relative Localization for Small Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper, we investigate relative localization techniques based on internode distance measurements for small wireless networks. High precision ranging is assumed, which is achieved by using technologies such as ultra-wide band (UWB) ranging. A number of approaches are formulated and compared for relative location estimation, which include the Linear Least Squares (LLS) approach, the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) approach, the Map Registration Approach (MAP), the Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) approach and the enhanced MDS approaches. Finally, computer simulations are used to compare the performances and effectiveness of these techniques, and conclusions are drawn on the suitability of the relative localization techniques for small networks.