Renal cell carcinoma with vascular invasion: Mortality and prognostic factors.

Abstract Objective Analysis of the results of patients who had been operated of renal cell carcinoma with vascular invasion in our institution, evaluation of prognostic factors and complications. Methods Retrospective observational study of 37 patients diagnosed of renal cell carcinoma with vascular invasion operated between May 1999 and July 2013. We used the method of Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and the Mantel–Haenszel's test (log rank) and the Cox's proportional hazards analysis test to analyse the risk factors of mortality. Results The median age was 60 years. Mean follow-up period was 42.1 months. The median overall survival and disease-free survival were 53.8 and 36.3 months, respectively. There was statistical association between overall survival and American Society of Anesthesiologists Classification score ( p  = 0.047), tumor stage ( p  = 0.003), lymph node involvement ( p  = 0.024), presence of metastases ( p  = 0.013), level of tumor thrombus ( p  = 0.05) and histological type ( p  = 0.001). 14 patients had grade IIIb complications or higher according to the Clavien Dindo classification, the most frequent was bleeding. Conclusions Renal cell carcinoma with vascular invasion is a disease with high rate of mortality. Surgery is a therapeutic option that can be curative. The number of complications is important. Survival is conditioned by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Classification score, tumor stage, the level of tumor thrombus, lymph node involvement, metastasis and histological type.