A Comparative evaluation of CBCT outcomes of two closed treatment methods in intracapsular condylar fractures

Purpose The cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 2 closed treatments are compared for intracapsular condylar fractures (ICFs) to learn whether splint treatment could promote better radiologic outcomes. Patients and methods Fifty-four patients with 60 sides of ICF were divided into 2 groups. In the control group (C-group), patients had a liquid diet for 1 month. In the trial group (T-group), patients wore splints with anterior elastic traction. Local CBCT images of the temporomandibular joint were obtained at T0 (mean 8.8 days), T1 (mean 37.4 days), and T3 (mean 3.3 months) after trauma. Six parameters, including 2 horizontal, 1 sagittal, and 3 vertical distances, were calculated using the coordinates of 10 points marked on CBCT sections. Statistical analysis included intragroup comparison at T0, T1, and T3, and intergroup comparison among subgroups classified by age and ICF types. Results Compared to C-group, vertical distances were significantly changed in T-group, specifically in adults and patients with ICF type B. Significant changes at stage T1 were also observed in T-group. Conclusion During the natural healing process, ICF healed in the displaced position and the stump tended to move closer to the joint fossa in the vertical dimension. Splint treatment with elastic traction was helpful to increase joint space and promote better radiologic healing shape.