Electric-magnetic electrically small antennas

The use of a loop antenna combined with a vertical monopole, described here as an electric-magnetic electrically small antenna (E-M-ESA) system has been proposed as a technique to miniaturize antennas, providing, according to some authors, a reduction in near field reactive energy; improved radiation efficiencies relative to a single element antenna alone; and maximizing the bandwidth. But realistic practical antenna systems have not been modeled, including tuning and matching losses; and for our understanding of the radiation characteristics of the antenna system, the details of the fields in the near and far field regions have not been described. The purpose of this paper is to present a detailed study and critical comments on performance.