Specifying community economic resilience - a framework for measurement

This paper argues for a specific and measurable definition and a comprehensive and actionable framework for community economic resilience (CER). The paper focuses on how to specify CER; what attributes form CER; and how to measure CER based on its definition and attributes. The paper argues that CER can be specified through four guiding questions ('Resilience of what?'; 'Resilience to what?'; 'Resilience for whom?'; 'Resilience for what?') and is formed by attributes including community capitals, diversity and accessibility. A comprehensive measurement framework is proposed that quantifies both constructive and performance CER through attributes and multiple outcomes, respectively. This novel framework synthesizes the many different approaches used to investigate resilience and provides meaningful (rather than just conceptual) insights on predicting and tracking CER over time for both academics and policy makers.