Intraoral venous malformation: A case report with review of literature and illustration of the clinical entity

Vascular malformations constitute embryonic abnormality of the vascular system due to abnormal development in the blood vessels, lymph vessels, veins, and/or arteries. They comprise approximately 7% of all benign tumors and can lead to serious local and systemic complications. Venous malformations (VMs) constitute a spectrum of vascular malformations with a prevalence rate of 1% and incidence of approximately 2 in 10,000. Even though rare in the oral cavity, when present, they are persistent and progressive in nature and are associated with extensive blood loss. VMs are a diagnostic challenge to clinicians because of its lethal benign nature and are often confused with other vascular malformations. Radiologists play a key role in diagnosing and advising an appropriate treatment for these lesions. Management of VMs includes use of sclerosing agents, laser therapy, and surgical excision. This case report presents a rare case of VM occurring in the right mandibular buccal vestibule in a 17-year-old male patient which was treated using a sclerosing agent, polidocanol 1%.