PENENTUAN KERAPATAN KASA YANG EFEKTIF UNTUK PENGENDALIAN ULAT GRAYAK BAWANG
2018
Ulat Grayak Bawang (Spodoptera exigua Hubner (Lepidoptra: Noctuidae)) merupakan salah satu kendala utama produksi bawang merah. Dampak serangan menghambat pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman, umbi menjadi kecil dan berwarna putih, serangan ringan menyebabkan kehilangan hasil 34-54% sedangkan tanpa pengendalian menyebabkan kehilangan hasil 100%. Penggunaan sungkup kasa merupakan alternatif cara pengendalian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kerapatan kasa efektif untuk mencegah serangan hama tersebut. Percobaan lapangan RCBD dengan perlakuan kerapatan kasa 14, 20, dan 50 mesh serta Kontrol dan lima ulangan, dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Sanden, Kabupaten Bantul, dalam musim tanam Oktober AƒÂ¢A¯Â?½A¯Â?½ November 2017. Intensitas cahaya pada sungkup kasa 14, 20, dan 50 mesh sebesar 76, 67 dan 58%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua ukuran kerapatan kasa sama keefektifannya untuk mencegah serangan ulat grayak bawang. Populasi telur, larva, dan intensitas serangan tidak dijumpai pada perlakuan sungkup kasa dan hanya dijumpai pada Kontrol (4,9 kelompok telur/2m2, 15 larva/2m2,81,4%/rumpun atau 71%/2m2). Penggunaan sungkup kasa dibanding Kontrol menyebabkan etiolasi yang signifikan, meningkatkan jumlah daun dan hasil panen umbi yang signifikan (28, 31 dan 13%). Sungkup kasa 14 atau 20 mesh merupakan kerapatan kasa yang sesuai.
The onion armyworm (Spodoptera exigua Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)) is one of the main constraints of onion production. The impact of attacks inhibits the growth and development of plants, bulbs become small and white, light attacks lead to loss of yield 34-54% while without control causes 100% yield loss. The use of gauze hood is an alternative of control measure. This study aimed to determine the effective gauze density to prevent the pest attacks. RCBD field experiments - with treatments of 14, 20 and 50 mesh density and Control, with five replications - conducted in Sanden District, Bantul Regency, during planting season of October to November 2017. The light intensity on the gauze densities of 14, 20, and 50 mesh were 76, 67 and 58%. The results showed that all gauze densities were equally effective in preventing the pest attacks on onions. Population of egg and larvae, and intensity of attacks did not found in the treatment of gauze hoods but only observed in Controls (4.9 egg mass/2m2, 15 larvae/2m2, 81.4%/hill or 71%/2m2, respectively). The use of a gauze hood as compared to Control caused significant etiolation, increasing significantly the number of leaves and onion yields (28, 31 and 13%, respectively). The gauze hoods with 14 or 20 mesh were the appropriate gauze density.
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