Dietary Glycemic Index, Development of Islet Autoimmunity, and Subsequent Progression to Type 1 Diabetes in Young Children

Context: Dietary factors may trigger or exacerbate the autoimmune disease process. Objective: Our objective was to examine dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) for association with islet autoimmunity (IA) development, and progression from IA to type 1 diabetes. Design: The Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young follows children at increased genetic type 1 diabetes risk. Diet is collected prospectively via a parent-reported food frequency questionnaire. Setting: This was an observational study of children in the Denver area. Patients: A total of 1776 Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young children younger than 11.5 yr was included in the study. Interventions: There were no interventions. Main Outcome Measures: IA, defined as the presence of autoantibodies to insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase, or protein tyrosine phosphatase at two consecutive visits, or the presence of autoantibodies at one visit and diabetic on the next consecutive visit was determined. Type 1 diabetes was diagnosed b...