Global brain hypoperfusion and oxygenation in amnestic mild cognitive impairment

Background: To determine if global brain hypoperfusion and oxygen hypometabolism occur in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Methods: Thirty-two aMCI and 21 normal subjects participated. Total cerebral blood flow (TCBF), cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2), and brain tissue volume were measured using colorcoded duplex ultrasonography (CDUS), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), and MRI. TCBF was normalized by total brain tissue volume (TBV) for group comparisons (nTCBF). Cerebrovascular resistance (CVR) was calculated as mean arterial pressure divided by TCBF. Results: Reductions in nTCBF by 9%, CMRO2 by 11%, and an increase in CVR by 13% were observed in aMCI relative to normal subjects. No group differences in TBV were observed. nTCBF was correlated with CMRO2 in normal controls, but not in aMCI. Conclusions: Global brain hypoperfusion, oxygen hypometabolism, and neurovascular decoupling observedin aMCI suggest that changes in cerebral hemodynamics occur early at a prodromal stage of Alzheimer’s disease, which can be assessed using low-cost and bedside-available CDUS and NIRS technology.