Is multiple-site colonization with Candida spp. related to inadequate response to individualized fluconazole maintenance therapy in women with recurrent Candida vulvovaginitis?

Abstract Objective Although most women on fluconazole maintenance therapy for recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis experience a substantial improvement in quality of life, some do not respond to therapy. Is candidal colonization of extragenital sites related to suboptimal response to maintenance therapy? Patients and methods Women included in a multicenter follow-up study (ReCiDiF) were evaluated for clinical signs and presence of yeasts in nose, mouth, anus, perineum, and urine. Candida was diagnosed by positive microscopy, confirmed by positive culture or polymerase chain reaction. After treatment, women were divided into groups according to their response to a fluconazole maintenance regimen (optimal, suboptimal, and nonresponders). Results The most frequent extravaginal Candida spp. were detected in urine (79.5%), perineum (78.6%), and anus (56.4%). Carriers of Candida in the mouth were more likely to have it in the anus (OR 3.2; 95% CI 1.4–7.7). Colonization in anus (OR 3.3; 95% CI 1.3–8.1) or in multiple extravaginal sites (OR 3.0; CI95% 1.2–7.4) was related to nonresponse to therapy. Candidal carriage in the anus did not increase anal and perianal symptoms. Conclusion Women with anal carriage and multiple-site candidal colonization are less likely to respond to individualized decreasing dose fluconazole therapy.