Evaluation of a near-zero fluoroscopic approach for catheter ablation in patients with congenital heart disease

Purpose Radiation exposure (RE) is a matter of concern for patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) who not infrequently need multiple interventional procedures under fluoroscopy guidance. We sought to evaluate the safety and feasibility of a minimally fluoroscopic approach in patients with CHD undergoing catheter ablation using a new image integration module (IIM).