European wet deposition maps based onmeasurements
1995
To date, wet deposition maps on a European scale have been based on
long-range transport model results. For most components wet deposition
maps based on measurements are only available on national scales. Wet
deposition maps of acidifying components and base cations based on
measurements are needed for determining the actual input to ecosystems.
Measurement based maps can also be used to validate the long-range
transport models. In this report concentration and wet deposition maps
of non-marine sulphate, nitrate, ammonium, hydrogen, sodium, chloride,
magnesium, potassium and calcium are presented. These components are
mapped on a 50x50 km scale over Europe for 1989, based on field
measurements made at approximately 750 locations. Point observations are
interpolated over Europe using 'kriging'. The patterns observed in the
maps agree well with what would be expected from prior knowledge of
European emission and climate patterns. High sulphate deposition is
observed in the border area between Germany, Poland and the Czech
Republic, and Ukraine and former Yugoslavia, while nitrate deposition is
highest in a zone ranging from southern Scandinavia to northern Italy.
Ammonium fluxes are largest in Central Europe. The influence of salt
water bodies is evident for sodium, chloride and magnesium. Large
calcium fluxes are found in southeast Europe. From an extensive
uncertainty analysis to assess the quality of the maps uncertainty was
estimated to amount approximately 60% for an average 50x50 km grid cell
in Europe. Comparison of sulphate, nitrate and ammonium wet deposition
with fluxes calculated by the EMEP long-range transport model revealed
fluxes obtained in this study to be larger, i.e. on average 75% for
sulphate, 20% for nitrate and 55% for ammonium.
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