The Breeding of Phalaenopsis Hybrids

The lush and exuberant subtropical forests of South East Asia are home to about 60 native species of Phalaenopsis orchids. Results from research into evolutionary and reproductive relationships within this genus are reported with the hope that their understanding may assist the selection of species as parents during breeding programs. The species in sub-genus Phalaenopsis have been used frequently for commercial breeding and trading. Polyploid cultivars with superior horticultural traits are the mainstream, and are the product of either the natural production of unreduced gametes or the result of artificial production during the process of cross hybridization. Meiocyte analysis may provide valuable information regarding the formation of unreduced gametes and subsequent use in breeding for polyploidization. Artificial induction of polyploidy may be brought about by chemical treatments or as an unintended result of mutations during the tissue culture process. Proper storage of orchid pollinia in sub-zero freezing temperatures may extend their viability until the moment they are required for cross hybridization. This chapter elaborates into these methods and strategies with the hope that they might contribute to new orchid breeding programs.