Current advances in research on herbicide resistance.

With repeated and wide use of herbicides in agricultural systems, 324 herbicide resistant biotypes of 188 species (112 dicots and 76 monocots) have evolved worldwide. The development of herbicide resistance in weeds, rapid increase and widespread of herbicide resistant weeds have become an increasing threat to weed management and crop production in the world, the consequences leading to economic loss and food safety have become a global concern. In the last decades, a significant progress has been made in the areas of herbicide resistance, many of the findings have proven that at least three very different mechanisms endowed herbicide resistance, an altered target site, enhanced detoxification and sequestration in weeds,weeds can also evolve cross resistance and multiple resistance to herbicides with different modes of action. This review described the currant status of world wide herbicide resistant weeds, resistance mechanisms in 8 major herbicide classes, research methodologies to provide useful information and references for researches in herbicide resistance, and posed the lessons learnt from other countries, clarified and stated the future directions we should forward to.