Endo-Epicardial Cardioversion-Defibrillation for Termination of Drug-Refractory Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias

Long-term treatment of patients with recurrent attacks of ventricular tachycardia (VT) and an increased risk of sudden death may be crucial, since in some patients antiarrhythmic drugs may be ineffective or may induce serious side effects. Thus, endo-epicardial cardioversion-defibrillation seems an attractive alternative for short-term, and probably also long-term treatment of recurrent VT and ventricular fibrillation (VF).