Prevalence of Avian Influenza Virus Subtype H5N1 in Waterfowl in West Java Province of Indonesia

are commonly associated with neonatal diarrhea and dysentery in calves. It is important to determine minimal inhibitory concentrations(MICs) for the treatment of animals including human with E. coli infections. A total of 160 strains from 158 diarrheic cattle(1 day to 11 years old) were examined between April 1999 and December 2001 in Japan. The isolates were tested about characteristic pathogenic genes (stx1, stx 2, and eaeA) by polymerase chain reaction. Pathogenic E. coli were tested in vitro for their susceptibility against 18 antimicrobial agents [ampicillin(ABPC), amoxicillin(AMPC), penicillin G(PCG), gentamycin(GM), kanamycin(KM), erythromycin(EM), tetracycline(TC), oxytetracycline(OTC), chloramphenicol(CP), bicozamycin(BCM), fosfomycin(FOM), sulfadimethoxine(SMT), oxolinic acid(OXA), nalidixic acid(NA), enrofloxacin(EFLX), norfloxacin(NFLX), colistin(CL) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole(TMP-S)] using the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI). The results showed that the E. coli strains at MIC90 were susceptible to EFLX and GM but were resistant to EM, TC, OTC, CP, PCG, AMPC, ABPC and KM. In the case of PCG, the first peak is at the 16—32 g/ml level which is already considered a resistant value but another peak was demonstrated at a much higher MIC (>512 g/ml). The results suggested that E. coli may be still continued to develop stronger resistance.