РЕСУРСО- И ЭКОЛОГОСБЕРЕГАЮЩИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ВТОРИЧНЫХ АЛЮМИНИЕВЫХ СПЛАВОВ

The main directions of resource-saving and environment-saving technologies of fabrication of secondary aluminum alloys in modern industrial conditions are considered. The types of feedstocks and applied smelting aggregates are analyzed, and promising ways of the further improvement of this production process are shown. It is revealed that the traditional method of processing secondary aluminum feedstock, which is widely used in practice, is the thermal treatment in the medium of molten chloride salts. Salt-free technologies of processing aluminum dross, which are based on separation of metal and oxides by mechanical effect on them in conditions of high temperatures in the medium of the furnace atmosphere or collector metal, are proposed. Their advantages compared with a widespread salt technology are considered: materials applied to treat the melt are substantially lower-cost than alkali metal chlorides; dump slags are environmentally pure; the process has high productivity since it is performed in one metallurgical aggregate, which excludes the necessity to perform operations of cleaning the walls and bottom part in it. The examples of implementation of considered salt-free technologies of processing aluminum feedstock in conditions of several Russian metallurgical enterprises are shown.