Efecto de los subsidios agropecuarios y apoyos gubernamentales sobre la deforestación durante el período 1990-2000 en la región de Calakmul, Campeche, México

This work analyzes the influence of the government-aid programs PROCAMPO, Credito a la Palabra and Alianza para el Campo, on deforestation , as well as other factors that impact this process, in an area near the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve. The study comprised two different scales: a regional one that included 39 ejidos, plus one local scale comprising the Unidad y Trabajo ejido. The effect of government aid differed according to the specific program, the period of analysis and the spatial scale. The Credito a la Palabra program resulted in an increase in deforestation during 1990-1993 at both regional and local scales. However, between 1994 and 1998 it has an opposite effect at a regional scale, while locally no relationship could be detected. At a local scale the ejidatarios that received more funding from PROCAMPO caused less deforestation, and at a regional scale no relationship was apparent. No association was detected between Alianza para el Campo and deforestation at any scales. Ejido size and number of farmers at a regional scale, distance to crop fields, the time of becoming a farmer, age of the head of household, and household size, were all contributing factors found to affect the deforestation process.