Enhanced raman spectroscopy of 2,4,6-TNT in anatase and rutile titania nanocrystals
2006
The majority of explosives found in antipersonnel and antitank landmines contain 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT).
Chemical sensing of landmines and Improvised Explosive Devices (IED) requires detecting the chemical
signatures of the explosive components in these devices. Nanotechnology is ideally suited to needs in microsensors
development by providing new materials and methods that can be employed for trace explosive
detection. This work is focused on modification of nano-scaled colloids of titanium dioxide (Titania: anatase,
rutile and brookite) and thin layer of the oxides as substrates for use in Enhanced Raman Scattering (ERS)
spectroscopy. Ultrafine particles have been generated by hydrothermally treating the sol-gel derived hydrous
oxides. ERS spectra of nanocrystalline anatase Titania samples prepared with different average sizes: 38 nm
(without acid), 24 nm (without acid) and 7 nm (with HCl). Bulk phase (commercial) and KBr were also used to
prepare mixtures with TNT to look for Enhanced Raman Effect of the nitroaromatic explosive on the test
surfaces. The studies clearly indicated that the anatase crystal size affects the enhancement of the TNT Raman
signal. This enhancement was highest for the samples with Titania average crystal size of 7 nm.
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