Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks: A Review

Recent advances in wireless communication and microelectro-mechanical systems (MEMS) have led to the development of implementation of low-cost, low power, multifunctional sensor nodes. These sensor nodes are small in size and communicate themselves to transfer the data. The nodes in sensor networks have limited battery power (<0.5 Ah, 1.2 V) and it is not feasible or possible to recharge or replace the batteries, therefore power consumption should be minimized so that overall network lifetime will be increased. Mainly power dissipated during data processing, data transmission, data reception and idle listening. The power consumed during transmission is the greatest portion of energy consumption of any node. In this survey we studied various techniques and algorithms to increase the network lifetime.