A case of thoracic empyema caused by Actinomyces species nova

: A 50-year-old man was referred and admitted to our hospital because of pneumonia and pleuritis. The patient had attempted suicide by inhaling automobile exhaust 3 years ago. Carbon monoxide intoxication had caused persistent disturbance of consciousness and quadriplegia. He had been tracheostomised and under nutrition by percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. On admission the presence of left pleural fluid with thickening of the pleura was shown on computed tomography. Thoracocentesis produced suppurative fluid with Actinomyces species nova identified by the 16S rRNA method. The patient was successfully treated with antibiotics and drainage of suppurative fluid.