The Effect of Global Exposure on Attitudes Toward Tradition, Patriotism, and Foreigners: Multilevel Analysis of 14 Asian Societies

In contemporary globalized world, exposure to ideas, people and goods from other countries increasingly feature daily lives. According to the globality theory, global experience and cross-border networking may influences one's value orientation in a way that an individual avoids seeing national tradition from a judgmental viewpoint but develop acceptant attitudes toward outsiders. The world society (WS) theory suggests educational socialization as an alternative determinant. This study aims to test these hypotheses from an empirical approach. We conducted a multilevel analysis of the pooled 2006 and 2007 data from the AsiaBarometer survey of 14 East and Southeast Asian countries. The outcomes are mixed. The WS hypothesis received thin evidence as education only associates negatively with conceiving own national tradition as superior to others. Global exposure tends to lower such conception and it additionally upholds patriotism, reflecting exactly what globality theory expects. However, both factors are u...