Antimalarial activity of new floxacrine-related acridinedione derivatives: studies on blood schizontocidal action of potential candidates againstP. berghei in mice andP. falciparum in vivo and in vitro

Deoxyfloxacrine derivatives (1-hydrazone: S 83 0083; 1-imine: S 84 7277) and floxacrine derivatives (10-methoxy-floxacrine: L 84 7667; 1-imine: L 84 7693) selected from a series of newly synthesized 3-aryl-7-chloro-3,4-dihydro-1,9(2H, 10H)-acridinediones were evaluated for blood schizontocidal activities in mice infected with asexual stages of various drug-resistant lines ofP. berghei and in New World monkeys infected with blood schizonts of different chloroquine-resistant strains ofP. falciparum. All compounds tested showed high activity against drug-resistant lines ofP. berghei (ED50: 1.0–4.4 mg/kg×5, per os) and were distinctly superior in their antimalarial potency to floxacrine. Compounds L 84 7667 and L 84 7693 proved to be highly active against the FCBR strain ofP. falciparum in vitro (IC50: 0.73–1.78 nmol); they effected temporary clearance of parasitemias due to the Palo Alto strain ofP. falciparum in squirrel monkeys at oral doses of 15 mg/kg given daily for 5 consecutive days. Compounds S 83 0083 and S 84 7277, showing moderate in vitro effects (12.9–24.8 nmol), cleared parasitemias of the FCBR strain ofP. falciparum in owl monkeys at oral doses of 20 mg/kg (S 84 7277) given daily for 5 or 7 consecutive days (follow-up period, 17 and 30 days, respectively) or at doses of 20 mg/kg (×4) (S 83 0083) followed by doses of 40 mg/kg (×3) within a follow-up period of 30 days. These observations suggest that the range of doses required for the cure of establishedP. falciparum infections is probably too large to cover infections with strains of the least susceptibility and might evoke toxic reactions by the potential candidates tested.