Metabolic Syndrome and Periodontal Disease according to MenopausalStatus

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between metabolic syndrome and periodontal disease according to menopausal status. Methods: Data obtained from the 2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 645 postmenopausal and 663 premenopausal women were analyzed by means of a chi-square test and multiple regression analysis using SPSS 21.0. The primary factors of the investigation were metabolic syndrome and the community periodontal index (CPI). Results: The incidence of a CPI of 3 and 4 increased (p<0.001) with the prevalence of periodontal disease in the postmenopausal group (p<0.001). The incidence of periodontal disease was significantly higher (p<0.001) in postmenopausal women who did not use dental floss (2.69 times) and those with hypertension (1.60 times) and in premenopausal women with higher blood glucose levels (1.67 times). According to a multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, smoking, and alcohol consumption, significant risk factors of periodontal disease included not using dental floss (odds ratio [OR]=1.83, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.26-2.67), being in a postmenopausal state (OR=1.71, 95% CI=1.22-2.41), and an increase in the number of metabolic syndrome components (1–2, OR=2.22, 95% CI=1.50-3.29; ≥ 3, OR=2.22, 95% CI=1.58-3.13). Conclusions: We identified an association between menopausal status and the prevalence of periodontal disease. Therefore, oral health programs should be considered for women older than middle age, taking into account menopausal state and metabolic syndrome to improve oral health-related quality of life.