Numerical Models for Pebble-Bed Heat Transfer

Radiative, convective, and conductive heat transfers are evenly crucial in the nuclear pebble bed. It is a fundamental task to model the Effective Thermal Conductivity (ETC) of the pebble bed, which considers the convection and radiation in analogous formulations of the conduction. In particular, the reactor core of High-Temperature Gas-cooled Reactors (HTGRs) is a densely packed pebble bed filled with many fuel spheres. The relation is due to the particle-scale pore structure of the packed bed.