Effect of Body Representation Level of an Avatar on Quality of AR-Based Remote Instruction

In manufacturing, augmented reality (AR)-based remote instruction systems, which enableworkers to receive instructions from an avatar, are widely used. In this study, we developed sucha system and investigated the effect of the body representation level of the avatar on the qualityof AR-based remote instruction. Drawing on the avatar designs of previous works, three differentavatar designs (“Hand only”, “Hand + Arm”, and “Body”), representing three body representationlevels, were created. In the experiment with a within-participant design, the avatar pointed at blockssequentially and participants touched each block as soon as they identified it. The results of theexperiment indicate that an AR-based remote instruction system with a “Body” avatar exhibits higherusability and can enable the participants to have a lower workload and higher efficiency.