R2C2 in Action: Testing an Evidence-Based Model to Facilitate Feedback and Coaching in Residency

ABSTRACT Background Feedback is increasingly seen as a collaborative conversation between supervisors and learners, where learners are actively and reflectively engaged with feedback and use it to improve. Based on this, and through earlier research, we developed an evidence- and theory-informed, 4-phase model for facilitating feedback and practice improvement—the R2C2 model (relationship, reaction, content, coaching). Objective Our goal was to explore the utility and acceptability of the R2C2 model in residency education, specifically for engaging residents in their feedback and in using it to improve, as well as the factors influencing its use. Methods This qualitative study used the principles of design research. We recruited residents and their supervisors in 2 programs, internal medicine and pediatrics. We prepared supervisors to use the R2C2 model during their regular midrotation and/or end-of-rotation feedback sessions with participating residents to discuss their progress and assessment reports. W...