Soil mass elastic parameter surface rapid testing method and device

The invention relates to a soil mass elastic parameter surface rapid testing device, which can directly and rapidly detect soil mass elastic modulus by using a tunnel working face or a foundation pit side wall without conducting trivial processes such as drilling and the like. The front and the back of the soil facing surface (3) of the device are respectively connected with a fixed cutter (4) and a lower fixed rod (8). A ball fixing ring (13) is fixed at the rear end of an upper fixed rod (7), carries balls (9) and a thrust rod (6) and is placed in the upper fixed rod. The upper fixed rod iswelded on the lower fixed rod. The rear end of a soil pressing cutter (5) is welded with the front end of the thrust rod. Displacement sensors (11) are installed in a horizontal groove on the soil facing surface. A pressure sensor (12) is installed at the rear end of the thrust rod. The testing method is that a soil mass of which the elastic modulus is to be measured is selected from the tunnel working surface; the fixed cutter is pushed into the soil mass and a support (10) is used for horizontally supporting the device; and the soil pressing cutter is pressed into soil, data P of the pressure sensor and data ui and uj of the two displacement sensors are recorded and the elastic modulus is calculated according to a formula as shown in the accompanying drawing.