IMPORTANCE OF ABDOMINAL COMPRESSION VALSALVA MANEUVER AND MICROBUBBLE GRADING IN CONTRAST TRANSTHORACIC ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY FOR DETECTING PATENT FORAMEN OVALE

Accurate diagnosis of patent foramen ovale (PFO) is essential. Although transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) may be useful for PFO screening, the optimal methodologies such as the provocation and the microbubble cutoff value have not been established. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the