Applied Anatomy of the Femoral Veins in Macaca fascicularis

The aim was to understand the anatomical features of the venous valve in Macaca fascicularis and to compare it with that of humans. The bilateral lower limbs (24 limbs from 12 animals) of Macaca fascicularis cadavers were dissected, and the femoral veins (FVs) were equally divided into distal, intermediate, and proximal sections. The external diameter of the FV in each section was measured. The venous valves were observed microscopically and stained with hematoxylin and eosin as well as trichrome. Data describing the human venous valve were collected from the current literature. No great saphenous veins were found among the 24 lower limbs from the Macaca fascicularis cadavers. The external diameters of the FVs in the distal, intermediate, and proximal sections were 3.53 ± 0.37 mm, 3.42 ± 0.55 mm, and 3.37 ± 0.54 mm, respectively. In most cases, there was one venous bivalve located in the FV approximately 0-2.71 mm below the junction of the FV and the deep femoral vein. Endothelium covered the luminal and sinusal surfaces of the leaflets. Abundant collagen fibers were found under the endothelial cells beneath the luminal surface of the leaflets. An elastin fiber network was located under the sinus endothelial surface. Smooth muscle cells in the FV extend to the edge of the valve. The venous valve of Macaca fascicularis is similar to that of humans, both morphologically and histologically. However, there is only one venous bivalve and no great saphenous vein in Macaca fascicularis.(AU) El objetivo fue comprender las caracteristicas anatomicas de la valvula venosa en Macaca fascicularis y compararla con la de los humanos. Fueron disecados bilateralmente los miembros pelvicos (24 miembros de 12 animales) de cadaveres de Macaca fascicularis; las venas femorales (VF) fueron divididas en secciones distal, media y proximal. Se midio el diametro externo de las VFs en cada seccion. Las valvulas venosas se observaron microscopicamente y se tineron con H-E y tricromico. Los datos para describir la valvula venosa humana se obtuvieron desde la literatura. No se encontraron venas safenas magnas entre los 24 miembros inferiores. Los diametros externos de las VFs en las secciones distal, media y proximal fueron 3,53±0,37 mm, 3,42 mm±0,55, y 3,37±0,54 mm, respectivamente. En la mayoria de los casos, hubo vena bivalva situada aproximadamente 0-2,71 mm debajo de la union de la VF y la vena femoral profunda. El endotelio cubrio las superficies luminal y sinusal. Se observaron abundantes fibras de colageno en las celulas endoteliales bajo la superficie luminal de las valvulas. Una red de fibras de elastina se encontro bajo la superficie del seno endotelial. Las celulas musculares lisas en las VFs se extiendian hasta el margen de la valvula. La valvula venosa del Macaca fascicularis es similar a la de los seres humanos, morfologica e histologicamente. Sin embargo, solo hubo una vena bivalvular, y no se observaron venas safenas en Macaca fascicularis.(AU)