Bronquiolitis en neonatos: Experiencia de cuatro años en un hospital pediátrico de referencia nacional

Introduccion: la bronquiolitis es causa importante de morbimortalidad en pediatria motivo frecuente de consulta e ingreso hospitalario en meses invernales. Objetivo: describir epidemiologia etiologia evolucion y tratamientos realizados en recien nacidos ingresados por bronquiolitisentre los anos 2010 a 2013. Material y metodos: descriptivo retrospectivo. Se incluyeron todos los recien nacidos ingresados por bronquiolitis. Variables: edad gestacional sexo comorbilidades antecedentes ambientales agente etiologico dias de internacion insuficiencia respiratoria oxigeno de alto flujo ingreso a cuidados intensivos ventilacion mecanica muerte. Resultados: ingresaron 226 neonatos 51 3 varones promedio de internacion de 6 5 dias. Conviviente con infeccion respiratoria 75 2 tabaquismo 28 3 cardiopatia congenita 9 7 pretermino 7 9 . Se aislo virus respiratorio sincicial en 59 5 . Recibieron oxigeno de alto flujo 9 7 . Ingresaron a cuidados intensivos 11 5 apoyo ventilatorio mecanico 34 6 de los mismos. No se registraron muertes. Conclusiones: el numero de ingresos de recien nacidos por bronquiolitis no es despreciable. El virus respiratorio sincicial es el agente etiologico mas identificado y el causante de mayor numero de ingresos a cuidados intensivos. No se constataron fallecimientos.(AU) Introduction: bronchiolitis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children a frequent cause of consultation and hospitalization in winter months. Objective: to describe epidemiology etiology evolution and treatments applied to infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis between 2010 and 2013. Methods: descriptive retrospective study. All newborns hospitalized for bronchiolitis were included in the study. Variables: gestational age sex comorbidities environmental history etiologic agent days of hospitalization respiratory failure high-flow oxygen admission to intensive care mechanical ventilation death. Results: 226 neonates were admitted 51.3 of them were male average hospital stay was 6.5 days. 75.2 domestic partners had respiratory infections 28.3 smoked 9.7 presented congenital heart disease and 7.9 were preterm. Respiratory syncytial virus was isolated in 59.5 . 9.7 received high-flow oxygen. 11.5 were admitted to intensive care 34.6 of the latter needed mechanical ventilatory support. No deaths were reported. Conclusions: the number of hospitalizations for bronchiolitis in infants is not negligible. Respiratory syncytial virus is the etiologic agent identified and the cause of a higher number of admissions to intensive care. No deaths were observed.(AU)