Ретротранспозоны класса l1 как источник соматического геномного мозаицизма нейронов

Long interspersed nucleotide elements 1 LINE1 (L1) are retrotransposons, which can duplicate by a copy-and-paste genetic mechanism. L1 have significantly influenced mammalian genome evolution by retrotransposing in the germ-line cells or in early embryogenesis, which led to their wide representation in the genomes of higher mammals. The human L1 elements constitute over 30% of the genome. Historically, it was believed that L1 retrotransposition take place only during gametogenesis and neoplastic processes, but recent studies have found that L1 is highly active in the mouse, rat and human neural progenitor cells. It was established that cells of the hippocampus and other regions of brain can have multiple somatic insertion. These insertions can cause unique of the transcriptome of individual neurons by influence transcriptional expression neuronal cells.