The Role of Green Chemistry in Biomass Processing and Conversion

Foreword vii Preface xi Contributors xiii About the Editors xvii 1 Introduction of Biomass and Biorefineries 1 Birgit Kamm 2 Recent Advances in Green Chemistry 27 Nicholas Gathergood 3 Biorefinery with Ionic Liquids 75 Haibo Xie, Wujun Liu, Ian Beadham, and Nicholas Gathergood 4 Biorefinery with Water 135 X. Philip Ye, Leming Cheng, Haile Ma, Biljana Bujanovic, Mangesh J. Goundalkar, and Thomas E. Amidon 5 Supercritical CO2 as an Environmentally Benign Medium for Biorefinery 181 Ray Marriott and Emily Sin 6 Dissolution and Application of Cellulose in NaOH/Urea Aqueous Solution 205 Xiaopeng Xiong and Jiangjiang Duan 7 Organosolv Biorefining Platform for Producing Chemicals, Fuels, and Materials from Lignocellulose 241 Xuejun Pan 8 Pyrolysis Oils from Biomass and Their Upgrading 263 Qirong Fu, Haibo Xie, and Dimitris S. Argyropoulos 9 Microwave Technology for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery 281 Takashi Watanabe and Tomohiko Mitani 10 Biorefinery with Microbes 293 Cuimin Hu and Zongbao K. Zhao 11 Heterogeneous Catalysts for Biomass Conversion 313 Aiqin Wang, Changzhi Li, Mingyuan Zheng, and Tao Zhang 12 Catalytic Conversion of Glycerol 349 Jie Xu, Weiqiang Yu, Hong Ma, Feng Wang, Fang Lu, Mukund Ghavre, and Nicholas Gathergood 13 Ultrasonics for Enhanced Fluid Biofuel Production 375 David Grewell and Melissa Montalbo-Lomboy 14 Advanced Membrane Technology for Products Separation in Biorefinery 407 Shenghai Li, Suobo Zhang, and Weihui Bi 15 Assessment of the Ecotoxicological and Environmental Effects of Biorefineries 435 Kerstin Bluhm, Sebastian Heger, Matthew T. Agler, Sibylle Maletz, Andreas Sch affer, Thomas-Benjamin Seiler, Largus T. Angenent, and Henner Hollert Index 469