Renovation of brick buildings constructed 1870-1930 - Investigation of the thermal envelope in renovated and re-renovated dwellings
2016
Due to low degree of renovation of brick buildings constructed 1870-1930 and higher
demands regarding the energy performance of buildings based on environmental
goals, it is of interest to evaluate how to renovate this building type to the aim of this
study. Some renovations have been conducted, but there has been insufficient followup
of the status of these renovations. It is therefore also of importance to evaluate
what type of further improvement that should be performed. In this study, literature
research and study visits to buildings representative for the selected type of houses
have been followed through to evaluate renovation strategies performed on the
inspected buildings. The aspects used to evaluate the renovation are energy
consumption, U-value, moisture risks and the aesthetics of the building, before and
after the renovation. Simulations of energy and moisture performance and calculations
of energy savings was done as evaluation.
The study visits confirmed what could be identified in the literature, through the fact
that observed building techniques correlated to the ones in the literature. Differences
in some details were noted when comparing the buildings, but the details could be
identified in descriptions of the specific building type supplied in the literature.
Typical for the investigated brick buildings is that they have homogenous load
bearing outer walls made of brick and floor slabs made of timber. Both red and yellow
bricks are used. The foundation walls are commonly constructed with a combination
of bricks and dry stone walls or only bricks. The roof trusses and roof construction
offers space which could possibly be converted from storage and unused attic space to
apartments.
Efficient renovations conducted to prevent moisture risks, are to cover the outer walls
to protect them from rain or to replace the timber in the details of the outer walls with
non-organic material. Results show that it is also possible to improve the conditions
for details where brick meets timber by filling the air cavities with polyurethane foam,
but this requires further investigations. According to energy consumption and Uvalue,
a conversion of the attic into apartments and insulation of at least one of the
external wall could in combination provide an efficient result. Considering the
aesthetics, efficient strategies can preserve the design and architectural ideas of the
building.
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